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Which of the following is an example of a disorder that may cause a low ventilation perfusion ratio?

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Which of the following is an example of a disorder that may cause a low ventilation perfusion ratio?

Lung diseases like COPD or asthma can impair airflow with little effect on pulmonary blood flow, resulting in low ventilation and nearly normal perfusion. This is described as a decreased V/Q ratio because the ventilation is more severely affected than the perfusion.

What are the types of VQ mismatch?

The two major types of V/Q mismatch that result in dead space include: anatomical dead space (caused by an anatomical issue) and physiological dead space (caused by a functional issue with the lung or arteries ).

What conditions causes VQ mismatch?

Anything that affects your body’s ability to deliver enough oxygen to your blood can cause a V/Q mismatch.

  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
  • Asthma.
  • Pneumonia.
  • Chronic bronchitis.
  • Pulmonary edema.
  • Airway obstruction.
  • Pulmonary embolism.
  • Obstructive sleep apnea.

Is pneumonia a shunt or VQ mismatch?

Causes of shunt include pneumonia, pulmonary edema, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), alveolar collapse, and pulmonary arteriovenous communication.

Is asthma a ventilation or perfusion problem?

Asthma is often referred to as a “false shunt” because bronchoconstriction decreases ventilation, resulting in a low V/Q ratio, as occurs in alveolar dead space.

Is emphysema restrictive or obstructive?

Emphysema is a disease of the lungs that usually develops after many years of smoking. Along with asthma and chronic bronchitis, emphysema belongs to a group of lung diseases known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Is shunt a type of VQ mismatch?

The ventilation/perfusion ratio is often abbreviated V/Q. V/Q mismatch is common and often effects our patient’s ventilation and oxygenation. There are 2 types of mismatch: dead space and shunt.

Is emphysema dead space or shunt?

Lung Disease: Emphysema destroys alveolar tissue and leads to air trapping and decreased diffusion surface area, thereby increasing dead space volume. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) creates disturbances in the pulmonary microvasculature, theoretically increasing dead space.

Does emphysema cause VQ mismatch?

Ventilation/perfusion mismatch resulting from progressive airflow limitation and emphysema is the key driver of this hypoxia, which may be exacerbated by sleep and exercise.

Is ARDS shunt or dead space?

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by severe impairment of gas exchange. Hypoxemia is mainly due to intrapulmonary shunt, whereas increased alveolar dead space explains the alteration of CO2 clearance.

Is asthma shunt or dead space?

Can albuterol cause VQ mismatch?

We proposed that young infants treated with albuterol would be more likely to incur V/Q mismatch, leading to hypoxemia as measured by pulse oximetry, and increased length of time on supplemental oxygen. We also thought that an increase in length of time on supplemental oxygen would lead to an increased LOS.