What toxins do Bordetella pertussis release?

What toxins do Bordetella pertussis release?

Bordetella pertussis, a gram-negative bacterial pathogen of the human respiratory tract, secretes at least two protein toxins, pertussis toxin (PT) and adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT), that are important virulence factors in mouse models of infection. PT is an AB5 toxin that is uniquely produced by B. pertussis.

What type of toxin is adenylate cyclase toxin?

Adenylate cyclase toxin is a virulence factor produced by some members of the genus Bordetella. Together with the pertussis toxin it is the most important virulence factor of the causative agent of whooping cough, Bordetella pertussis.

What are the virulence factors of Bordetella pertussis?

pertussis virulence factors. These virulence factors include adhesins such as filamentous haemagglutinin, fimbriae and pertactin, which allow B. pertussis to bind to ciliated epithelial cells in the upper respiratory tract.

How does pertussis toxin increase cAMP?

The Gi subunits remain locked in their GDP-bound, inactive state, thus unable to inhibit adenylate cyclase activity, leading to increased cellular concentrations of cAMP.

What does adenylate cyclase toxin do?

The adenylate cyclase toxin (CyaA) of Bordetella pertussis is a major virulence factor required for the early phases of lung colonization. It can invade eukaryotic cells where, upon activation by endogenous calmodulin, it catalyzes the formation of unregulated cAMP levels.

Is pertussis toxin an endotoxin?

pertussis, as a Gram-negative bacterium, harbours naturally lipopolysaccharide (LPS, also known as endotoxin), one of the strongest stimulators of monocytes.

What kind of toxin is pertussis toxin?

Pertussis toxin is a secreted protein exotoxin and an important virulence factor produced exclusively by B. pertussis. PT is transported across the bacterial outer membrane by a type IV secretion system encoded by the ptl genes, which are located downstream from the ptx genes encoding the toxin [7,8].

What is the name of the toxin produced by Bordetella pertussis that causes the loss of cilia in the lower respiratory tract?

Pertussis Vaccines Adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT) is a large molecule with different functional domains, including an adenylate cyclase enzyme and a hemolysin, responsible for the hemolysis observed around B. pertussis colonies on solid media containing blood. The toxin, present in all virulent strains of B.

How does adenylate cyclase toxin work?

What does the pertussis toxin do?

pertussis are the secreted toxins pertussis toxin (PT) and adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT). The emerging picture revealed by the recent literature is that these toxins play a major role in suppression and modulation of host immune and inflammatory responses.

What is the mechanism of action of pertussis toxin?

Pertussis toxin (PT) utilizes a retrograde transport pathway through the Golgi complex and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to gain entry to the cell cytosol. ATP binding to PT B oligomer (PTB) in the ER promotes holotoxin dissociation for further transport of the active subunit.

How does pertussis toxin affect G protein?

Pertussis toxin is isolated from the bacteria Bordetella pertussis. It is shown to modify the function of G proteins by catalyzing the ADP-ribosylation of a cysteine residue on the carboxy terminal of α subunit of Gi and Go.