What is vitrinite reflectance in oil and gas?
What is vitrinite reflectance in oil and gas?
Vitrinite reflectance, expressed as %Ro is a measure of the percentage of incident light reflected from a statistically meaningful sample of vitrinite particles in a polished section of sedimentary rock. From: The Fossil Fuel Revolution: Shale Gas and Tight Oil, 2019.
How is vitrinite reflectance used as an indication of maturity of source rocks?
The key attraction of vitrinite reflectance in this context is its sensitivity to temperature ranges that largely correspond to those of hydrocarbon generation (i.e. 60 to 120 °C). This means that, with a suitable calibration, vitrinite reflectance can be used as an indicator of maturity in hydrocarbon source rocks.
What Maceral is most reactive in the coking process?
Introduction to Fuel Blending Vitrinite and liptinite, which become completely fluid during the coking process, are the main reactive macerals.
What is Thermal Alteration Index?
Thermal Alteration Index. TAI is a maturity indicator based on observations of the progressive change in the color of spore and pollen particles in kerogen with increasing maturity (e.g., Gutjahr, 1966; Correia, 1969; Staplin, 1969).
How is vitrinite reflectance measured?
Following this calibration stage, a number of reflectance measurements (usually 50 to 100) are collected from particles of vitrinite in the coal sample. The amount of light being reflected is measured by a photomultiplier tube, which converts light intensity to a numerical value.
How is kerogen formed?
Kerogen is a waxy, insoluble organic substance that forms when organic shale is buried under several layers of sediment and is heated. If this kerogen is continually heated, it leads to the slow release of fossil fuels such as oil and natural gas, and also the non-fuel carbon compound graphite.
What is meant by vitrinite reflectance?
Vitrinite reflectance (Ro) Vitrinite reflectance is the proportion of incident light reflected from a polished vitrinite surface. Vitrinite is a maceral (an organic component) of coal. As vitrinite is heated in the earth during burial, it systematically changes its reflective properties.
What is vitrinite reflectance?
Vitrinite reflectance is the proportion of incident light reflected from a polished vitrinite surface. Vitrinite is a maceral (an organic component) of coal. As vitrinite is heated in the earth during burial, it systematically changes its reflective properties.
How do you pronounce Maceral?
Phonetic spelling of macerals
- mac-er-als.
- mac-er-al-s. Letha Block.
- ma-cer-als. Brennan Halvorson.
Why is thermal maturity important?
Thermal maturity affects numerous fundamental coal properties, including gas capacity and geomechanical properties; thus, coal rank is an extremely important coal quality parameter for the evaluation of coalbed methane reservoirs.
What is coal rank?
Coal rank is the measure of the degree of organic metamorphism (coalification) of a coal, ranging from low-rank peat to high-rank meta-anthracite.
Where is kerogen found?
Kerogen is generally deposited in anoxic reducing stagnant conditions, most commonly found in marshes, swamps, meres, salt marshes, and lagoons, and is particularly characteristic of deltas (see SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENTS | Deltas).