General

What is Hivick?

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What is Hivick?

HIVAN and HIV immune complex kidney (HIVICK) disease are the most frequent forms of renal disease directly related to HIV infection37. HIVAN is seen almost always in patients with advanced HIV infection and occurs predominantly in patients of African descent, explained by a genetic predisposition.

What causes HIVAN?

HIVAN may be caused by direct infection of the kidney cells by HIV, with resulting kidney damage through the viral gene products. It could also be caused by the release of cytokines during HIV infection.

How is HIVAN diagnosed?

Renal biopsy in the HIV-infected patient is required to establish a diagnosis of HIVAN and exclude other causes of renal dysfunction and proteinuria, including a variety of HIV-related glomerular diseases, non-HIV-related renal diseases, and medication nephrotoxicity, many of which are reviewed in detail in companion …

What is the meaning of HIVAN?

HIV-1 associated nephropathy (HIVAN) is a clinical and renal histological disease characterized by the presence of heavy proteinuria associated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and microcystic tubular dilatation. These renal lesions lead to renal enlargement and rapid progression to kidney failure.

Can ARVs cause kidney failure?

Taking antiretroviral medications (ARVs) used to treat HIV infections or related health issues can also cause kidney disease. Kidney problems can lead to ESRD or kidney failure.

What causes FSGS kidney disease?

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis can be caused by a variety of conditions, such as diabetes, sickle cell disease, other kidney diseases and obesity. It can also be caused by an infection and drug toxicity. A rare form of FSGS is caused by inherited abnormal genes.

Which ARV drug causes renal toxicity?

Antiretroviral therapy given in combination with low-dose ritonavir seems to increase the renal toxicity of indinavir [52].

How long do people live with FSGS?

Actuarially calculated survival was 75% at 5 years, 50% at 10 years, and 38% at 15 years. There was no difference between the 28 adults and the 12 children in terms of evolution. Patients with a nephrotic syndrome at presentation had a poorer prognosis than those never nephrotic.

Can FSGS go away?

FSGS has no cure. The prognosis varies depending on the person. For some people, FSGS goes away on its own without treatment. For others, the disease continues for many years but does not get worse.

Can lamivudine cause kidney problems?

Lamivudine (3TC) There have been multiple case reports of renal injury associated with ART including 3TC. One report describes two separate male patients who developed acute renal failure and pancreatitis.