What is Gilbert syndrome and Crigler Najjar syndrome?

What is Gilbert syndrome and Crigler Najjar syndrome?

Background: Gilbert syndrome and the Crigler-Najjar syndromes Type I and II are disorders of bilirubin conjugation with consecutive indirect hyperbilirubinemia of different severity. Morbus Gilbert is a mild hyperbilirubinemia, which is only of significance in case of drug therapy or differential diagnosis.

What are the 2 most common types of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia?

What are the different types of newborn jaundice?

• Physiological jaundice. The most common type of jaundice in newborns is physiological jaundice.
• Breastfeeding jaundice. Jaundice is more common in breastfed babies than formula-fed babies.
• Breast milk jaundice. Breast milk jaundice is different than breastfeeding jaundice.

What causes hyperbilirubinemia in newborns?

Hyperbilirubinemia happens when there is too much bilirubin in your baby’s blood. Bilirubin is made by the breakdown of red blood cells. It’s hard for babies to get rid of bilirubin at first. It can build up in their blood, tissues, and fluids.

What are the most common causes of pathologic hyperbilirubinemia in neonates?

Common risk factors for hyperbilirubinemia include fetal-maternal blood group incompatibility, prematurity, and a previously affected sibling (Table 1). Cephalohematomas, bruising, and trauma from instrumented delivery may increase the risk for serum bilirubin elevation.

What is Crigler-Najjar syndrome type 2?

Crigler-Najjar syndrome type II is a milder disorder than type I. Affected infants develop jaundice, which increases during times when an infant is sick (concurrent illness), has not eaten for an extended period of time (prolonged fasting) or is under general anesthesia.

What is the difference between jaundice and hyperbilirubinemia?

Hyperbilirubinemia is a condition in which there is a build up of bilirubin in the blood, causing yellow discoloration of the eyes and skin, called jaundice.

What is the treatment for hyperbilirubinemia?

Bilirubin absorbs light. High bilirubin levels often decrease when a baby is put under special blue spectrum lights. This is called phototherapy. Your child may get this treatment in the day and night.

What is the most common cause of hyperbilirubinemia?

The predominant causes of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia are intrahepatic cholestasis and extrahepatic obstruction of the biliary tract, with the latter preventing bilirubin from moving into the intestines. Viruses, alcohol, and autoimmune disorders are the most common causes of hepatitis.

What are the main causes of hyperbilirubinemia?

What causes hyperbilirubinemia? Bilirubin is a natural byproduct produced when red blood cells breakdown. The adult liver converts unconjugated bilirubin into a conjugated form, that be excreted.

What are the 3 main pathophysiologic causes of hyperbilirubinemia?

Causes of pathologic hyperbilirubinemia can be classified as due to (1) increased bilirubin load (i.e., pre-hepatic; either hemolytic or non-hemolytic processes), (2) impaired bilirubin conjugation (i.e., hepatic) or (3) impaired bilirubin excretion (i.e., post-hepatic).