What is central diabetes insipidus?
What is central diabetes insipidus?
Central diabetes insipidus (CDI) is a rare disorder characterized by excessive thirst (polydipsia) and excessive urination (polyuria). It is not related to the more common diabetes mellitus (sugar diabetes), in which the body does not produce or properly use insulin.
How do you manage central diabetes insipidus?
The major symptoms of central diabetes insipidus (DI) are polyuria, nocturia, and polydipsia due to the concentrating defect. Treatment of this disorder is primarily aimed at decreasing the urine output, usually by increasing the activity of antidiuretic hormone (ADH; also called arginine vasopressin or AVP).
What is the most common cause of central diabetes insipidus?
Lithium is the most common cause of acquired nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. It’s a medication often used to treat bipolar disorder. Long-term lithium use can damage the cells of the kidneys so they no longer respond to AVP.
What is the difference between central and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?
In central diabetes insipidus, there is a deficiency of ADH. In nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, ADH is available, but there is a lack of response by the kidneys. Apelin is a diuretic neuropeptide that has been shown to counteract ADH and may play a role in regulating fluid balance.
How is central diabetes insipidus diagnosed?
Tests used to diagnose diabetes insipidus include:
- Water deprivation test. While being monitored by a doctor and health care team, you’ll be asked to stop drinking fluids for several hours.
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). An MRI can look for abnormalities in or near the pituitary gland.
- Genetic screening.
Which nursing intervention is most important for a client with diabetes insipidus?
Nursing Interventions Monitor intake and output, weight, and specific gravity of urine. Maintain the intake of adequate fluids, and monitor for signs of dehydration. Instruct the client to avoid foods or liquids that produce diuresis. Administer chlorpropamide (Diabinese) if prescribed for mild diabetes insipidus.
What is central diabetes insipidus explain its pathophysiology?
Diabetes insipidus is caused by abnormality in the functioning or levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known of as vasopressin. Manufactured in the hypothalamus and stored in the pituitary gland, ADH helps to regulate the amount of fluid in the body.
Which nursing interventions should be employed for a patient with diabetes insipidus?
1. Deficient Fluid Volume
| Nursing Interventions | Rationale |
|---|---|
| Allow the patient to drink water at will. | Patients with intact thirst mechanisms may maintain fluid balance by drinking huge quantities of water to compensate for the amount they urinate. Patients prefer cold or ice water. |
Which focus of care is a priority when caring for a patient with central diabetes insipidus?
The client with a history of diabetes insipidus is admitted with polyuria, polydipsia, and mental confusion. The priority intervention for this client is: Measure the urinary output.
Why are diuretics given in diabetes insipidus?
If you have more severe nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, you may be prescribed a combination of thiazide diuretics and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) to help reduce the amount of urine your kidneys produce.