What is a Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis?

What is a Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis?

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is a rare and aggressive variant of chronic pyelonephritis. It usually occurs due to chronic nephrolithiasis and infection. The diagnosis is often confused with renal cell carcinoma, and a computed tomography (CT) scan, as well as histology of the mass, helps to confirm the diagnosis.

What is meant by Thyroidization of the kidneys?

Thyroidization (thyroid-like appearance) in renal tissue which is made up of a colloid-like hyaline cast formation of Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (THP) is a common finding in chronic pyelonephritis and obstructive nephropathy. This type of pathological change is sometimes observed in renal allograft specimens.

What does Pyonephrosis mean?

Pyonephrosis—pus in the renal pelvis—results from urinary tract obstruction in the presence of pyelonephritis. Purulent exudate (inflammatory cells, infectious organisms, and necrotic, sloughed urothelium) collects in the hydronephrotic collecting system (“pus under pressure”) and forms an abscess.

How is a kidney abscess treated?

Renal abscess is treated with antibiotics given through the blood by IV (“intravenously”) and/or by draining the pus from the abscess. The draining can be done with surgery or by putting a tube (“catheter”) through a needle in the skin over the kidney (“percutaneous drainage”).

What causes Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis?

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is a chronic inflammatory condition that is caused by pyogenic infection of the kidney, usually secondary to staghorn calculi (70% of cases), most commonly by Proteus or E. coli.

What is Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis?

Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis is a rare benign inflammatory disease of the gallbladder that may be misdiagnosed as carcinoma of the gallbladder on imaging [1-3].

What causes Thyroidization of tubules?

The thyroidization pattern commonly occurs with injury related to urinary reflux or chronic pyelonephritis, and is then often present in a sharply delineated “jigsaw” pattern demarcating normal and atrophic regions.

What causes Nephrosclerosis?

nephrosclerosis, hardening of the walls of the small arteries and arterioles (small arteries that convey blood from arteries to the even smaller capillaries) of the kidney. This condition is caused by hypertension (high blood pressure).

Is Pyonephrosis serious?

Acute pyelonephritis is a sudden and severe kidney infection. It causes the kidneys to swell and may permanently damage them. Pyelonephritis can be life-threatening. When repeated or persistent attacks occur, the condition is called chronic pyelonephritis.

How is Pyonephrosis diagnosed?

The diagnosis of pyonephrosis is suspected when the clinical symptoms of fever and flank pain are combined with the radiologic evidence of obstruction to the urinary tract. Sonography gives a prompt diagnosis of hydronephrosis, and needle puncture of the kidney yields pus and establishes the presence of pyonephrosis.

Is kidney abscess serious?

Kidney abscesses are potentially serious because the bacteria inside the abscess can spread to other parts of your body, such as your bloodstream or lungs, and can be fatal. Smaller abscesses can usually be treated with antibiotics through a drip. Surgery is usually required for larger abscesses.

Is kidney abscess curable?

A kidney abscess, once discovered, is usually treated with direct intervention. Typically, pus from the abscess is drained through a catheter inserted percutaneously (through the skin) or surgically implanted. Intravenous antibiotics are usually administered to clear the infection.