Is beta-catenin phosphorylated?
Is beta-catenin phosphorylated?
β-Catenin is phosphorylated on its N-terminus by GSK3 (shown in orange) and CKI (shown in orange). These phosphorylations target β-catenin for ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. β-Catenin is also phosphorylated on the indicated sites by the diverse kinases PKA, AKT, and JNK2.
What signaling pathway is beta-catenin involved in?
The Wnt pathway
The Wnt pathway mediates biological processes by a canonical or noncanonical pathway, depending on the involvement of β-catenin in signal transduction. β-catenin is a core component of the cadherin protein complex, whose stabilization is essential for the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
Is phosphorylation used in Wnt pathway?
It is known that Wnt stimulation induces Dvl phosphorylation [73, 148, 149], which is believed to be a critical step in Wnt signaling, however, whether Dvl phosphorylation is required for LRP6 phosphorylation or assembly of LRP6 coreceptor complex and how phosphorylation activates Dvl remain to be determined.
What does GSK3 do in Wnt pathway?
GSK3 is a serine/threonine kinase that plays a central role in the regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway, an important pathway for hepatic specification, hepatoblast proliferation, differentiation, and hepatocyte maturation18,19,20.
What does B catenin do?
In the canonical Wnt cascade, β-catenin is the key effector responsible for transduction of the signal to the nucleus and it triggers transcription of Wnt-specific genes responsible for the control of cell fate decisions in many cells and tissues.
What is a destruction complex?
The destruction complex is likely a dynamic multiprotein assembly, but its core components include, in addition to β-catenin itself, the Ser/Thr kinases glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) and casein kinase 1 (CK1), the scaffolding protein Axin, the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) protein, and the E3-ubiquitin ligase β …
How does beta catenin affect Wnt signaling?
In turn, Wnt/β-catenin signaling induces the expression and activity of β-TrCP ubiquitin ligase receptor and this negative feedback loop controls the β-catenin/TCF4 pathway [39]. Moreover, induction of the β-TrCP–GSK3β interaction is required for late-phase stabilization of β-catenin in canonical Wnt signaling.
What is the role of beta catenin?
What are the Wnt target genes?
We define “direct Wnt targets” as genes whose regulatory DNA can be physically associated with T-cell factors (TCFs) or other transcription factors (TFs) and whose expression is modulated by the recruitment of β-catenin to regulatory chromatin by these TFs.
Does Wnt inhibit GSK3?
However, Ding et al also observed that Wnt might not only regulate the AXIN-associated pool of GSK3. Wnt treatment inhibits nearly 50% of the kinase activity of immunoprecipitated GSK3.
How is GSK3 activated?
It is activated by glucose 6-phosphate (G6P), and inhibited by glycogen synthase kinases (GSK3). Those two mechanisms play an important role in glycogen metabolism.