How does thalidomide work in multiple myeloma?
How does thalidomide work in multiple myeloma?
How Does It Work? Like the other immunomodulatory drugs (IMiD® compounds), Thalomid induces immune responses, enhances the ability of immune cells called T cells and NK (natural killer) cells to kill myeloma cells, and inhibits inflammation.
How does thalidomide affect DNA?
At the molecular level, thalidomide inhibits angiogenesis by intercalating or inserting itself into guanine-cytosine (G-C) rich regions of DNA.
What is the mechanism of action of thalidomide?
Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity through modulating the release of inflammatory mediators like tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) and other cytokine action.
What was learned from the thalidomide tragedy?
As a result of the thalidomide tragedy of the 1960s, the following lessons were learned: Pharmaceutical products should be systematically tested for developmental effects prior to marketing. There are differences in species sensitivity and manifestations of developmental toxicity.
Is thalidomide used to treat multiple myeloma?
Although a single drug may be used to treat multiple myeloma, it is preferable to use at least 2 or 3 different kinds of drugs in combination because the cancer responds better. For example: Lenalidomide (or pomalidomide or thalidomide) and dexamethasone.
What is the newest treatment for multiple myeloma?
The latest approval is for the combination of daratumumab plus hyaluronidase-fijh (Darzalex Faspro) plus carfilzomib (Kyprolis) and the steroid dexamethasone for the treatment of adults with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who received one to three prior treatments.
Which one is the effect of thalidomide teratogenicity?
Teratogenicity is the most severe and well-known adverse effect associated with thalidomide. Babies born with malformations such as amelia, phocomelia, bone hypoplasia and absence of bones resulted from the thalidomide tragedy.
What is the most common teratogenic effect associated with thalidomide?
Thalidomide is a teratogenic drug, meaning that when taken while pregnant, it can have terrible impacts on fetal development and cause irreversible damages. Phocomelia, a limb atrophy, is the most common malformation linked to thalidomide, but all phocomelia cases aren’t caused by thalidomide.
How is thalidomide absorbed?
In addition, its use in various inflammatory and oncologic conditions is being investigated. Thalidomide interconverts between the (R)- and (S)-enantiomers in plasma, with protein binding of 55% and 65%, respectively. More than 90% of the absorbed drug is excreted in the urine and faeces within 48 hours.
How is thalidomide metabolized?
Thalidomide undergoes biotransformation by non-enzymatic hydrolysis and enzyme-mediated hydroxylation to form a multitude of metabolites. Metabolite identification and reaction phenotyping studies have been performed and will be discussed in this review in addition to interspecies differences in thalidomide metabolism.
What is Revlimid and how does it compare to thalidomide?
Lenalidomide (Revlimid, Celgene) is a thalidomide derivative introduced in 2004 as an immunomodulatory agent for the treatment of various cancers such as MM, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and lymphoma.
Why is thalidomide so important?
In the 1950s and 1960s, thalidomide was used to treat morning sickness during pregnancy. But it was found to cause disabilities in the babies born to those taking the drug. Now, decades later, thalidomide (Thalomid) is being used to treat a skin condition and cancer.