Does Aphanizomenon produce toxins?

Does Aphanizomenon produce toxins?

The traditional genus Aphanizomenon comprises a group of filamentous nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria of which several memebers are able to develop blooms and to produce toxic metabolites (cyanotoxins), including hepatotoxins (microcystins), neurotoxins (anatoxins and saxitoxins) and cytotoxins (cylindrospermopsin).

Is AFA safe?

Potential toxicity Aphanizomenon flos-aquae as a species has both toxic and non-toxic forms. While benefits have been indicated, toxicity has been shown in some strains of the species Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, with cylindrospermopsin and saxitoxins present, and microcystins found contaminating AFA dietary supplements.

What is AFA supplement?

AFA SUPPLEMENTS: Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, also known as blue-green algae or AFA, is known to contain nutrients, including essential fatty acids, active digestive enzymes, vitamins, amino acids, minerals, phycocyanin, polysaccharides, phenylethylamine, chlorophyll, and phytochemicals.

What is AFA extract?

AFA Extract is dietary supplement containing AFA (Aphanizomenon flos-aquae), a blue-green super algae with an exceptional nutritional composition: all eight essential amino acids, numerous vitamins (includingvitamins K and B12), more than 130 minerals and trace elements…

Is Anabaena harmful to humans?

Anabaena may produce a few different toxins, including anatoxin and microcystin. Ingestion of small amounts of toxin can cause gastrointestinal distress. If elevated levels of the algal toxin anatoxin are present in the water and ingested, serious neurological damage can result.

What type of bacteria is oscillatoria and what is its purpose?

Oscillatoria is a genus of filamentous cyanobacterium which is often found in freshwater environments, such as hot springs, and appears blue-green. Its name refers to the oscillating motion of its filaments as they slide against each other to position the colony facing a light source.

What is E3Live good for?

– Physiologically, E3Live may help support overall body/mind balance in numerous ways. – Its field of action simultaneously includes the immune, endocrine, nervous, gastro-intestinal, and cardiovascular systems. * – Nutritionally, E3Live provides over 65 vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and essential fatty acids.

Is algae good for humans?

They’ve been studied extensively, and what we’ve discovered is that they’re truly a superfood. Not only can algae be a source of greens, protein, vitamins and minerals, it can also strengthen the immune system, help cleanse the body of toxins and boost your energy.

What is AFA stem cell?

Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (AFA Concentrate) is documented to support the natural release of adult stem cells from bone marrow. Undaria pinnatifida is a marine alga from pristine ocean environments around the world, and is well known to support the immune system.

What is the difference between blue-green algae and spirulina?

Spirulina is a naturally occurring blue-green algae that is commercially grown in a controlled environment. Another natural blue-green algae, Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (AFA), is grown commercially in the wild, allowing for potential contamination. Blue-green algae are a phylum of bacteria and not true algae.

Can Spirulina cause liver damage?

Spirulina has been implicated in isolated case reports in causing clinically apparent liver injury, but the role of spirulina as opposed to other herbal components or contaminants has not been shown. Liver injury due to spirulina must be very rare if it occurs at all.

What is Anabaena algae?

Anabaena and Microcystis are types of cyanobacteria (commonly known as blue-green algae) that grow naturally in many waterbodies. Under certain conditions (such as warm weather and an abundance of nutrients in the water) the algae may undergo an explosive type of growth that results in dense, floating mats of algae.