At what temperature does niobium become a superconductor?

At what temperature does niobium become a superconductor?

10 K
Niobium-titanium is a Type-II superconductor with a critical temperature of 10 K and a critical magnetic field of 15 Tesla.

Is niobium a superconductor?

Niobium-titanium (i.e. the NbTi alloy near the ratio of 1:1) is a well-known superconductor with a critical transition temperature (TC) of about 10 K at zero magnetic field.

At what temperature conductor becomes superconductor?

By critical temperature A superconductor is generally considered high-temperature if it reaches a superconducting state above a temperature of 30 K (−243.15 °C); as in the initial discovery by Georg Bednorz and K. Alex Müller.

What is the critical temperature of niobium-titanium?

Niobium-titanium (Nb-Ti) with a critical temperature (Tc) of 9.2 K is usually used to fabricate superconducting magnets for various practical applications.

Why niobium is used in superconductors?

Going back to its superconducting properties, niobium has the highest transition temperature – the temperature below which it turns to superconductivity – among metals, which makes its alloys the most practical choice for superconductive applications, such as the ones mentioned at the beginning.

Is titanium a superconductor?

Critical magnetic fields of two specimens of titanium have been measured down to 0.23°K. The first specimen was a cold worked Ti wire having a purity of 99.98 percent. It was found to be superconducting at 0.37°K in zero magnetic field and the initial slope of the critical field curve was 465 gauss per degree.

How strong is niobium?

Niobium, or columbium, is a chemical element with the chemical symbol Nb (formerly Cb) and atomic number 41. Niobium is a light grey, crystalline, and ductile transition metal. Pure niobium has a Mohs hardness rating similar to pure titanium, and it has similar ductility to iron.

Are superconductors 100% efficient?

Superconductivity promises extraordinary capabilities for electric circuits. If conductor resistance could be eliminated entirely, there would be no power losses or inefficiencies in electric power systems due to stray resistances. Electric motors could be made almost perfectly (100%) efficient.

How cold do superconductors have to be?

Common superconductors work at atmospheric pressures, but only if they are kept very cold. Even the most sophisticated ones — copper oxide-based ceramic materials — work only below 133 kelvin (−140 °C).

What is the price of niobium?

Currently, niobium prices range from US$45 per kilogram (US$45,000 per tonne) for standard ferroniobium metal and greater than US$50 per kilogram for niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5).

What type of superconductor is niobium?

type II superconductor
1  Introduction. Niobium‑titanium (NbTi) is an alloy of niobium and titanium used industrially as a type II superconductor for superconducting magnets. Its critical temperature is about 9.7 K [1]. NbTi alloys are suitable for fabricating superconducting magnets, with magnetic fields up to about 10 T [2].

Is niobium better than titanium?

Although titanium is even more corrosion resistant than niobium, niobium is lower priced and even more highly available. It’s also one of the most inert metals, making niobium an ideal hypoallergenic body jewelry material for those who have more sensitive skin.