What does COX-2 regulate?
What does COX-2 regulate?
COX-2 activity regulates gene expression, which confers cells advantages for growth, migration, invasion, and metastasis (Stamatakis et al., 2015). We found that stable COX-2 overexpression in carcinoma cell lines (HT-29, HCT116, and Caco2) significantly affects gene transcription.
Is COX-2 a tumor suppressor?
The activity of COX-2-PGE2-EP signal pathway can suppress Dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK), T cells, type-1 immunity excluding type-2 immunity which promote tumor immune evasion. COX-2 and the prostaglandin cascade play important roles in the “inflammogenesis of cancer”.
What does the enzyme COX-2 do?
Cox-2 is the inducible form of cyclo-oxygenase and catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. Cox-2 is expressed by inflammatory cells, such as macrophages, and can be induced by TNF and EGF.
Does COX-2 cause cancer?
COX-2 induces cancer stem cell (CSC)-like activity, and promotes apoptotic resistance, proliferation, angiogenesis, inflammation, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells.
What do COX receptors do?
The cyclooxygenase isoenzymes, COX-1 and COX-2, catalyze the formation of prostaglandins, thromboxane, and levuloglandins. The prostaglandins are autocoid mediators that affect virtually all known physiological and pathological processes via their reversible interaction with G-protein coupled membrane receptors.
What is the COX-2 gene?
Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) (The HUGO official symbol is PTGS2; HGNC ID, HGNC:9605), also known as cyclooxygenase-2 or COX-2, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTGS2 gene….Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2.
| RNA expression pattern | |
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| BioGPS | More reference expression data |
What are COX-2 inhibitors used for?
COX-2 inhibitors (such as Celebrex and Bextra) are a type of NSAID and are the most commonly prescribed drugs for arthritis. COX-2 inhibitors are also prescribed for many forms of back pain.
How does COX-2 cause inflammation?
COX-2 inhibitors are NSAIDs that selectively block the COX-2 enzyme and not the COX-1 enzyme. Blocking this enzyme impedes the production of prostaglandins by the COX-2 which is more often the cause the pain and swelling of inflammation and other painful conditions.
Are COX-2 inhibitors immunosuppressive?
It has been reported that COX-2 is responsible for an immunosuppressive network and induces Treg cell–specific transcription factor FoxP3 to increase Treg cell activity [31].
What is difference between COX-1 and COX-2?
COX-1 is thought to be responsible for the production of prostaglandins associated with normal physiologic function and is found in such tissues as the stomach, kidney, and platelets. COX-2 was thought to be induced as the result of inflammation and responsible for producing prostaglandins such as prostaglandin E2.
What is the difference between COX-1 and COX-2?
The key difference between COX 1 and COX 2 inhibitors is that COX 1 inhibitor is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 enzyme expressed constitutively in most tissues while COX 2 inhibitor is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme expressed in areas …
Where is COX-2 produced?
COX-2 distribution has been localized in the macula densa of the cortical thick ascending limb of Henle and interstitial cells in rodents, rabbit, and dogs [8], [12], [13]. COX-2 immunoreactivity has also been described in intercalated cells of the cortical collecting ducts in mouse kidney sections [14].