How do B cells develop tolerance?
How do B cells develop tolerance?
Tolerance is regulated at the stage of immature B cell development (central tolerance) by clonal deletion, involving apoptosis, and by receptor editing, which reprogrammes the specificity of B cells through secondary recombination of antibody genes.
How is B cell tolerance maintained?
To maintain the B cell tolerance, the possibility exists that it is an active process mediated by hapten-specific suppressor T cells.
What is B cell tolerance?
B cell tolerance is a state in which B cells do not initiate an immune response to an antigen. Typically this term refers to absence of recognition of self antigens.
Where does B cell peripheral tolerance occur?
immune periphery
Peripheral tolerance is the second branch of immunological tolerance, after central tolerance. It takes place in the immune periphery (after T and B cells egress from primary lymphoid organs). Its main purpose is to ensure that self-reactive T and B cells which escaped central tolerance do not cause autoimmune disease.
What are the 2 signals required for B cell activation?
B cell activation is dependent on the sequential integration of at least two signals. The first signal is generated by BCR cross-linking with antigen; the second is provided by interaction of B cells with T-helper cells (Parker, 1993).
How is immune tolerance achieved?
Immunological Tolerance Central tolerance is achieved through the mechanism of negative selection by newly developing lymphocytes in primary lymphoid organs tolerant to self-antigens.
How is tolerance induced in the body?
Induced tolerance occurs when the immune system actively avoids responding to an external antigen. This tolerance is induced by previous encounters with that antigen.
Which of the following options is the mechanism for induction of immune tolerance?
Deletion is the major mechanism of self-tolerance induction during T-cell development in the thymus.
What is the difference between central tolerance and peripheral tolerance?
Immune tolerance is important for normal physiology. Central tolerance is the main way the immune system learns to discriminate self from non-self. Peripheral tolerance is key to preventing over-reactivity of the immune system to various environmental entities (allergens, gut microbes, etc.).
What’s the difference between central and peripheral tolerance?
Central tolerance is a state of immune tolerance that is induced originally in the thymus and bone marrow. Whereas, peripheral tolerance is a state of immune tolerance that is induced originally in the lymph nodes and other tissues.
What are the steps involved in B cell activation?
B cell activation is triggered by the binding of specific antigen to the BCR. The end result of this process will depend on the characteristics of the antigen, the B cell subpopulation activated, and the co-stimulatory signals provided by the antigen itself, T cells, and the microenvironment.
Which of the following is responsible for B cell activation?
antigen
Which of the following is responsible for B-cell activation? Explanation: The activation of mature B-cell is done by antigen. When antigen come in contact with B-cells, it undergoes clonal proliferation and divided into memory cells and plasma cells.