What is mining induced?
What is mining induced?
Mining-induced displacement involves, mostly, the involuntary movement of affected people from their original abode and/or socioeconomic activities.
What is induced stress in mining?
Existing natural state of stress equilibrium around a coal seam is disturbed by an opening formed due to underground extraction of a part of the seam. The load of the overburden directly above the opening, previously carried by the coal, is transferred from immediate roof to surrounding pillars.
How many stages of displacement does T Scudder explain displacement?
Scudder and Colson proposed a mod voluntary displacement, consequent re people along with socio-cultural systems According to his model, he divides the e resettlement in to four stages/phase categorized as recruitment stage, trans development stage, and handing over/in recruitment stage policymakers or planne …
Which has affected brutally by mining activity?
Across the world, mining contributes to erosion, sinkholes, deforestation, loss of biodiversity, significant use of water resources, dammed rivers and ponded waters, wastewater disposal issues, acid mine drainage and contamination of soil, ground and surface water, all of which can lead to health issues in local …
What is induced stress in rock mechanics?
Rock at depth is subjected to stresses resulting from the weight of the overlying strata and from locked in stresses of tectonic origin. When an opening is excavated in this rock, the stress field is locally disrupted and a new set of stresses are induced in the rock surrounding the opening.
How is induced stress calculated?
To estimate the stress at a particular cross-section of a pillar: Find the weight of the segment above it. Substitute the value of weight for force in the formula for stress, σ = F/A, where F is the force and A is the area of cross-section.
What do you mean by development induced displacement?
Development-induced displacement and resettlement (DIDR) occurs when people are forced to leave their homes in a development-driven form of forced migration.
Which project contributes to large scale displacement of local communities?
Dams for irrigation and hydropower are a major cause of such forced displacement.
How do mining activities affect the environment?
Mining: Environmental Impacts Mining can pollute air and drinking water, harm wildlife and habitat, and permanently scar natural landscapes. Modern mines as well as abandoned mines are responsible for significant environmental damage throughout the West.
What environmental impacts does mining activity have?
The effects can result in erosion, sinkholes, loss of biodiversity, or the contamination of soil, groundwater, and surface water by the chemicals emitted from mining processes. These processes also affect the atmosphere from the emissions of carbon which have an effect on the quality of human health and biodiversity.
What are in situ stresses?
1.1. In situ stress state is the original stress status in the rock before excavations or other perturbations. In situ stresses are also called far-field stresses. For example, the stress state before a borehole is drilled shown in Fig.
How do you find displacement from stress?
1N/m2 = 1 Pa which is your stress. You should have measured the length of the specimen tested. divide your displacement data by this measured length and multiply by 100%. That will give you the strain.