What is CD40 used for?
What is CD40 used for?
The cell-surface molecule CD40, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, broadly regulates immune activation and mediates tumor apoptosis.
What happens when CD40 is stimulated?
These results were confirmed by Xie et al. (32) when it was demonstrated that CD40 stimulation of a B-cell line deficient in TRAF1 increases the amount of TRAF2 recruited to lipid rafts and increases the degradation of TRAF2 and TRAF3.
What is CD40 ligation?
CD40 ligation on surface of immature DC promotes DC maturation and activation demonstrated by cytokine production, induction of costimulatory molecules on their surface, and cross-presentation of antigen15,18.
What is CD40 antibody?
CD40, a stimulatory receptor and a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily, is expressed on various immune cells, such as macrophages, dendritic cells and various tumor cell types; it plays a key role in the activation of the immune system.
Where is CD40 expressed?
CD40 is constitutively expressed by antigen presenting cells, including dendritic cells, B cells and macrophages. It can also be expressed by endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts and epithelial cells.
What is CD40 deficiency?
Background: CD40 deficiency is an autosomal recessive, combined primary immunodeficiency characterized by defects of immunoglobulin class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation. It is part of an expanding group of diseases collectively known as hyper immunoglobulin M syndromes.
Which cells have the CD40 receptor?
Which receptors are related to CD28?
The CD28 receptor is stimulated during the contact of T cells with antigen-presenting cells. A counter-receptor for CD28 is the B7 molecule expressed on activated B cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages. B7 also binds to CTLA-4, a receptor that is structurally related to CD28.
What are CD40 on the T cells?
Introduction. CD40L, or CD154, is canonically expressed on CD4+ T cells and it is a principal modulator of a wide range of humoral and cellular immune responses (1, 2). One of the primary functions of CD40L is the T cell-mediated activation of DCs and monocytes (3, 4), in a process known as DC licensing.
How common is CD40 ligand deficiency?
CD40 ligand deficiency is an uncommon primary immune deficiency with an estimated annual incidence of 1 in 106 (1). CD40 ligand is preferentially expressed on activated CD4+ T cells and binds its cognate receptor, CD40, expressed on B cells, macrophages and antigen presenting cells [1, 2].
What does the interaction of CD40 ligand and CD40 receptor cause?
CD40L/CD40 expression is known to be up-regulated in atheroma-associated cells. CD40L/CD40 interactions activate these cells by promoting the expression of molecules thought to be involved in atherosclerotic plaque formation, such as adhesion molecules, cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and tissue factor.
What is the function of CD28?
CD28 has been widely recognized as the major costimulation pathway for naive T-cell activation, and the CD28/B7 pathway plays a central role in immune responses against pathogens, autoimmune diseases, and graft rejection.