What is reflux in batch distillation?
What is reflux in batch distillation?
The progress of batch distillation can be controlled in several ways [16]: – Constant reflux, varying overhead composition: Reflux is set at a predetermined value that is maintained for the run. Since pot liquid composition is changing, instantaneous composition of the distillate also changes.
What is the equipment used for distillation?
The distillation apparatus, commonly called a ‘still’, consists of a vessel for plant material and water, a condenser to cool and condense the vapour produced and a method of collection, or ‘receiver’.
Which equipment is used for gas distillation process?
� The apparatus used consists of three major parts:� distillation flask (or �pot�) to heat the mixture and volatilize the components, a condenser to cool the vapors back to liquid state, and a collection vessel.
What equipment is used for fractional distillation?
Fractional distillation in a laboratory makes use of common laboratory glassware and apparatuses, typically including a Bunsen burner, a round-bottomed flask and a condenser, as well as the single-purpose fractionating column.
Why reflux is used in distillation?
Reflux in industrial distillation Inside the column, the downflowing reflux liquid provides cooling and condensation of the upflowing vapors thereby increasing the efficiency of the distillation column.
Why is reflux used?
In order to ensure no loss of reactants or solvent, a reflux system is used in order to condense any vapors produced on heating and return these condensates to the reaction vessel.
Which flask is used for distillation?
The distilling flask, also known as a fractional distillation flask or fractioning flask, is a vessel with a round bottom and a long neck from which a side arm protrudes.
How many types of distillation are there?
Types of distillation include simple distillation (described here), fractional distillation (different volatile ‘fractions’ are collected as they are produced) and destructive distillation (usually, a material is heated so that it decomposes into compounds for collection) (http://www.chemistry.about.com/cs/5/f/ …
What is a reflux drum?
The reflux drum, or accumulator, serves as a distribution point for reflux and distillate. Condensed liquid leaves the reflux drum under level control. Drum level control is critical to ensure that the proper amount of reflux will return to the distillation tower.
What is the difference between distillation and fractional distillation?
The main difference between fractional distillation and simple distillation is that simple distillation separate liquids with boiling point gaps of at least 50 degrees whereas fractional distillation separates liquids with closer boiling points.
What equipment is used in reflux?
Reflux: The reflux apparatus is composed of a round-bottomed flask, a condenser, a water bath and heat source. Distillation: The distillation apparatus is composed of a round-bottomed flask connected to a Y adapter which is connected to a condenser. The condenser is connected to a receiving flask.