What is the difference between virological failure and immunological failure?

What is the difference between virological failure and immunological failure?

Virological failure was associated with non-adherence to medications, aged < 40 years old, having CD4+ T-cells count < 250 cells/μL and male gender. Similarly, immunological failure was associated with non-adherence, tuberculosis co-infection and Human immunodeficiency virus RNA ≥1000 copies/mL.

What is immunological failure?

Immunological failure occurs when there is a fall of CD4 counts to pretherapy baseline (or below) or 50% fall from the on-treatment peak value (if known) or persistent CD4 levels below 100 cells/mm3 6 months after ART initiation [14, 15].

What is virologic blip?

A temporary, detectable increase in the amount of HIV in the blood (viral load) that occurs after antiretroviral therapy (ART) has effectively suppressed the virus to an undetectable level. Isolated blips are not considered a sign of virologic failure.

What is clinical failure?

Clinical failure is defined as the occurrence of new opportunistic infections (OIs) (excluding immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome [IRIS]) and/or other clinical evidence of HIV disease progression during therapy.

What does virological mean?

(vī-rŏl′ə-jē) n. The study of viruses and viral diseases.

What is viral suppression?

This is called viral suppression—defined as having less than 200 copies of HIV per milliliter of blood. HIV medicine can even make the viral load so low that a test can’t detect it. This is called an undetectable viral load.

What is virologic rebound?

Virological rebound was defined as the first occurrence of a increase in VL to above 500 copies/ml at a further visit in patients who had early virological response.

Can I infect someone while on Arvs?

People living with HIV who take antiretroviral medications daily as prescribed and who achieve and then maintain an undetectable viral load have effectively no risk of sexually transmitting the virus to an HIV-negative partner.

What is ARV treatment failure?

Treatment failure is defined as repeated HIV RNA values above the lower limit of detection of a sensitive assay (usually 50 copies per mL). This is based on evidence that the maximum clinical benefit of antiretroviral therapy is derived by keeping the viral load as low as possible.

Is Virologically a word?

The study of viruses and viral diseases. vi′ro·log′i·cal (vī′rə-lŏj′ĭ-kəl), vi′ro·log′ic (-ĭk) adj.