How does pneumonia cause septic shock?

How does pneumonia cause septic shock?

At one time, sepsis was thought to arise from an overgrowth of bacteria or other germs in the bloodstream. We now know that sepsis actually springs from 2 factors: first an infection (such as pneumonia or a urinary tract infection) and then a powerful and harmful response by your body’s own immune system.

What is the pathophysiology of septic shock?

PATHOGENESIS. Septic shock results when infectious microorganisms in the bloodstream induce a profound inflammatory response causing hemodynamic decompensation. The pathogenesis involves a complex response of cellular activation that triggers the release of a multitude of proinflammatory mediators.

How does sepsis progress to septic shock?

ANSWER: Sepsis is a serious complication of an infection. It often triggers various symptoms, including high fever, elevated heart rate and fast breathing. If sepsis goes unchecked, it can progress to septic shock — a severe condition that occurs when the body’s blood pressure falls and organs shut down.

Which physiological change is related to septic shock?

Sepsis may induce a state of increased cardiac output, which has significant effects on drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. This increased cardiac output increases both renal and hepatic blood flow, and alters rates of antibiotic metabolism, and excretion.

What is pneumonia pathophysiology?

Most pneumonia occurs when a breakdown in your body’s natural defenses allows germs to invade and multiply within your lungs. To destroy the attacking organisms, white blood cells rapidly accumulate. Along with bacteria and fungi, they fill the air sacs within your lungs (alveoli).

Can severe pneumonia cause sepsis?

While any type of infection — bacterial, viral or fungal — can lead to sepsis, infections that more commonly result in sepsis include infections of: Lungs, such as pneumonia.

What are the 2 phases of septic shock?

Septic shock can be broken down into two different types of shock: warm (or hyperdynamic) shock and cold (or hypodynamic) shock. Warm shock characterized by high cardiac output and low peripheral vascular resistance occurs first.

What is the most common cause of septic shock?

Bacterial infections are the most common cause of sepsis. Sepsis can also be caused by fungal, parasitic, or viral infections. The source of the infection can be any of a number of places throughout the body.

What are the stages of septic shock?

The three stages of sepsis are: sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock. When your immune system goes into overdrive in response to an infection, sepsis may develop as a result.

What clinical manifestation is septic shock?

The vasodilation may result in warm skin, warm extremities, and normal capillary refill (warm shock). As sepsis progresses, stroke volume and cardiac output fall. The patients begin to manifest the signs of poor perfusion, including cool skin, cool extremities, and delayed capillary refill (cold shock).

Why does septic shock cause vasodilation?

During sepsis, unregulated NO production in the systemic circulation leads to vasodilatation. In the presence of hypoxia, NO production decreases in the pulmonary circulation and local vasoconstriction occurs. It is also thought that local release of the potent vasoconstrictor endothelin occurs due to hypoxia.

What is the pathophysiology of community acquired pneumonia?

PATHOGENESIS Traditionally, CAP has been viewed as an infection of the lung parenchyma, primarily caused by bacterial or viral respiratory pathogens.