What does cupping in the eye mean?

What does cupping in the eye mean?

Glaucoma is caused by high pressure in the eye damaging the optic nerve, which results in loss of individual nerve cells. This causes a subsequent increase in the size of the cup, also called cupping.

What is the most common congenital optic nerve abnormality?

Hypoplasia — Optic nerve hypoplasia is the most common congenital optic disc anomaly [5]. In a population-based study (1984-2008), the annual incidence was 2.4 per 100,000 children <19 years (1 in 2287 live births) [6].

What is optic nerve hypoplasia?

Optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) is a congenital disorder characterized by underdevelopment (hypoplasia) of the optic nerves. The optic nerves transmit impulses from the nerve-rich membranes lining the retina of the eye to the brain.

What does an enlarged optic nerve mean?

Papilledema is swelling of your optic nerve, which connects the eye and brain. This swelling is a reaction to a buildup of pressure in or around your brain that may have many causes. Often, it’s a warning sign of a serious medical condition that needs attention, such as a brain tumor or hemorrhage.

Does cupping always mean glaucoma?

Up to 20% of nonglaucomatous cupping has been misdiagnosed and treated as glaucoma. Young age, pallor of the disc, loss of visual acuity and color vision, and a poor correlation between optic nerve and visual field findings are suggestive of a condition other than glaucoma.

Why does cupping occur in glaucoma?

Individuals with glaucoma have increased IOP or consequent loss of blood flow to some regions of the eye, resulting in the death of optic nerve cells. The center of the optic disc (known as the cup) becomes larger, and the cup to optic disc ratio increases alarmingly. This process is referred to as optic nerve cupping.

What is the difference between optic nerve hypoplasia and septo-optic dysplasia?

Optic Nerve Hypoplasia (ONH) is the under-development or absence of the optic nerve combined with possible brain and endocrine abnormalities. It is also known as Septo-Optic Dysplasia or DeMorsier’s Syndrome.

What is SOD syndrome?

Definition. Septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) is a rare disorder characterized by abnormal development of the optic disk, pituitary deficiencies, and often agenesis (absence) of the septum pellucidum (the part of the brain that separates the anterior horns or the lateral ventricles of the brain).

What is the difference between septo-optic dysplasia and optic nerve hypoplasia?

Optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) is one of the most common causes of congenital visual impairment. It was first described in 1915 and represents a developmental disorder of the central nervous system. It is often associated with intracranial midline defects and is then referred to as septo-optic dysplasia (SOD).

Can a large optic nerve cause headaches?

Papilledema is a serious medical condition in which the optic nerve at the back of the eye becomes swollen. The symptoms can include visual disturbances, headaches, and nausea. Papilledema occurs when there is a buildup of pressure in or around the brain, which causes the optic nerve to swell.

Can you have optical cupping without glaucoma?

Patients who have non-glaucomatous cupping of the optic nerve tend to have lower visual acuity; studies have found that vision less than 20/40 may indicate non-glaucomatous cupping associated with intracranial masses.