What is Th17 responsible for?

What is Th17 responsible for?

Th17 cells prevent severe HIV infection by maintaining the intestinal epithelial barrier during HIV infection in the gut. Because of their high levels of CCR5 expression, the coreceptor for HIV, they are preferentially infected and depleted. Thus, it is through Th17 cell depletion that microbial translocation occurs.

What is the Th17 response?

Th17 cells are characterized by production of IL-17 and may have evolved for host protection against microbes that Th1 or Th2 immunity are not well suited for, such as extracellular bacteria and some fungi. While Th17 cells were only recently recognized as a unique Th-cell subset, IL-17 has been known for much longer.

What stimulates Th17 differentiation?

Extracellular factors controlling Th17 plasticity. The presence of TGF-β and IL-6 induces IL-21 in T cells, which acts in an autocrine manner through the transcription factor STAT3 to establish Th17 commitment. IL-23 and IL-9 also activate STAT3 to promote Th17 differentiation.

What stimulates Th17 cells?

Due to the pro-inflammatory effects of IL-17A and IL-17F, exploring the origin and function of Th17 cells may be beneficial for inflammatory disease therapy. It is widely acknowledged that Th17 cells can be stimulated by the combination of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and IL-6 or by the IL-23p40 pathway alone.

Do Th17 cells produce TNF?

Th17 cells produce IL-17, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-21, and IL-2214; Th1 cells produce TNF-α and IFN-γ15; and Th22 cells produce IL-22 and TNF-α16. The inflammatory process is initially dominated by Th17 cells, but in stable psoriasis plaques, it subsequently shifts towards a process dominated by IFN-γ-producing Th1 cells17,18.

How are Th17 cells activated?

The secretion of IL-23 from antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells, which have been activated by the uptake and processing of pathogens, in turn activates Th17 cells.

What do Th17 cells secrete?

Th17 cells are proinflammatory cells that secrete IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, and IL-22 and provide immunity to several extracellular pathogens including defense against infections from Candida, Citrobacter, and Klebsiella (Happel et al., 2005; Huang et al., 2004; Mangan et al., 2006).

Do Th17 cells produce IL-6?

Th17 is a population of T CD4+ cells that, among several chemokines and cytokines, produces IL-17A and requires the presence of IL-1, IL-6, and TGF-β for differentiation in mice and IL-23 for its maintenance.

What does Th17 cells secrete?

What cytokines do Th17 cells produce?

Th17 cells produce the cytokines IL-17A [IL-17] (1–2) and IL-17F (5), as well as the cytokines IL-21 (6–7) and IL-22 (8–9).