Why is LPS medically significant?

Why is LPS medically significant?

The primary function of LPS is to provide structural integrity and a permeability barrier to protect the bacterial cell from the entry of deleterious molecules such as toxins and bile salts during its inhabitation in the gastrointestinal tract.

What is LPS recognized by?

LPS is recognized by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and MD-2 on host innate immune cells and can signal to activate the transcription factor NFκB, leading to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines that initiate and shape the adaptive immune response.

What is LPS and how this may play a role in the initiation of an inflammatory response?

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a natural adjuvant synthesized by gram-negative bacteria that has profound effects on CD4 T cell responses. LPS stimulates cells through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), causing the release of inflammatory cytokines and upregulation of costimulatory molecules on antigen presenting cells.

What makes the LPS a very important component of the bacterial cell?

The function of LPS. While the structure of LPS (or LOS) may vary among bacteria, in all cases this glycolipid populates much of the cell surface and establishes a permeability barrier that protects the cell from the entry of toxic molecules such as antibiotics and bile salts (5, 22).

What receptor does LPS bind to?

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an outer membrane component of Gram-negative bacteria that is classically recognized by immune cells via the pattern recognition receptor Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4).

How does LPS stimulate?

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulates immune responses by interacting with the membrane receptor CD14 to induce the generation of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, and IL-6.

What is LPS activation?

LPS stimulates monocytes/macrophages through TLR4, resulting in the activation of a series of signaling events that potentiate the production of inflammatory mediators. Recent reports indicated that the inflammatory response to LPS is diminished by PI3K, through the activation of the serine/threonine kinase Akt.

What cytokines does LPS stimulate?

How is LPS immunogenic?

A possible explanation for the increased immunogenicity of LPS− H44/76 OMCs supplemented with LPS is that LPS stabilizes the OMP conformation of the immunodominant PorA, resulting in the induction of antibodies directed against the native epitopes, which are measured in a meningococcal whole-cell ELISA.